Existing Research: Interlocutor Native Language Background

Gass, S. M., & Varonis, E. M. (1985). Variation in native speaker speech modification to nonnative speakers. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 7, 283-302.

Long, M. H. (1983). Linguistic and conversational adjustments to non-native speakers. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 5, 177-93.

Mackey, A., Oliver, R., & Leeman, J. (2003). Interactional input and the incorporation of feedback: An exploration of NS-NNS and NNS-NNS adults and child dyads. Language Learning, 53, 35-66.

Pica, T., & Doughty, C. (1985). Input and interaction in the communicative language classroom: A comparison of teacher-fronted and group-fronted activities. In S. M. Gass and C. Madden (Eds.), Input in second language acquisition (pp. 115-32). Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.